![]() In particular, each of the known HIV-1 strains is either closely related to the SIV that infects the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes (SIVcpz) or closely related to the SIV that infects western lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla), called SIVgor. Scientists generally accept that the known strains (or groups) of HIV-1 are most closely related to the simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) endemic in wild ape populations of West Central African forests. HIV-1 from chimpanzees and gorillas to humans Research in this area is conducted using molecular phylogenetics, comparing viral genomic sequences to determine relatedness. Transmission from non-humans to humans Left to right: the African green monkey, source of SIV the sooty mangabey, source of HIV-2 and the chimpanzee, source of HIV-1 HIV-2 is less transmittable and is largely confined to West Africa, along with its closest relative, a virus of the sooty mangabey ( Cercocebus atys atys), an Old World monkey inhabiting southern Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and western Ivory Coast. The pandemic strain of HIV-1 is closely related to a virus found in chimpanzees of the subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes, which live in the forests of the Central African nations of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, and the Central African Republic. HIV-1 is more virulent, easily transmitted and is the cause of the vast majority of HIV infections globally. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. While various sub-groups of the virus acquired human infectivity at different times, the present pandemic had its origins in the emergence of one specific strain – HIV-1 subgroup M – in Léopoldville in the Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the 1920s. False-color scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1, in green, budding from cultured lymphocyteĪIDS is caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which originated in non-human primates ![]()
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